Vitamin A (Retinol) | CAS 68-26-8 | Vision & Immunity

Product Name: Vitamin A (Retinol)
CAS No.: 68-26-8
Molecular Formula (Retinol): C₂₀H₃₀O
Structure: β-ionone ring and a polyunsaturated chain with three conjugated double bonds
Appearance: Yellow oily liquid (retinyl palmitate – crystals)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in fats and organic solvents
Stability: Sensitive to light, oxygen, and high temperatures; requires antioxidants

1. Introduction

Vitamin A is a family of lipophilic compounds (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid) critical for vision, epithelial growth, and immunity. It participates in the formation of the visual pigment rhodopsin and the regulation of cell differentiation genes.

Retinoids are obtained from food (liver, butter, fish) or synthesized from the provitamin β-carotene. Deficiency causes xerophthalmia, immunodeficiency, and growth disorders. They are used as nutrients and medicinal agents for dermatoses and ophthalmic diseases.

2. Production

• Chemical synthesis: From β-ionone and isoprenoid fragments

• Natural extraction: From fish oil and liver

3. Properties

• Appearance: Yellow oily liquid (retinyl palmitate – crystals)

• Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in fats and organic solvents

• Stability: Sensitive to light, oxygen, and high temperatures; requires antioxidants

4. Applications

• Ophthalmology: Prevention and treatment of xerophthalmia

• Dermatology: Retinoids for acne and photodamage treatment

• Nutraceuticals: Immune support and tissue growth

5. Conclusion

Vitamin A is a key factor in vision and epithelial homeostasis. It is important to maintain a balance between deficiency and hypervitaminosis. New delivery forms (micelles, liposomes) improve safety and efficacy.