Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) | CAS 303-98-0

Product Name: Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)
CAS No.: 303-98-0
Molecular Formula: C₅₉H₉₀O₄
Structure: Benzoquinone core with ten isoprene units in the side chain
Appearance: Yellowish crystals or powder
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohols and lipids
Stability: Sensitive to light and oxygen; requires antioxidant protection in capsules

1. Introduction

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) is a lipophilic antioxidant and cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, consisting of a benzoquinone ring and ten isoprenoid units. It supports ATP production, protects membranes from oxidation, and improves cardiovascular and nervous system function.

Ubiquinone participates in electron transport in mitochondrial complexes I–III. It is synthesized endogenously and obtained from food (meat, fish). Q10 levels decline with age, which is associated with reduced energy production. External supplementation compensates for deficiency, improving cardiometabolic parameters and reducing oxidative stress.

2. Biosynthesis and Production

• Biosynthesis: From isoprenoid pyrophosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives

• Industrial production: Fermentation technology followed by extraction and purification

3. Properties

• Appearance: Yellowish crystals or powder

• Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohols and lipids

• Stability: Sensitive to light and oxygen; requires antioxidant protection in capsules

4. Applications

• Nutraceuticals: Supplement for energy enhancement and protection against oxidative stress

• Cardiology: Adjunctive therapy for heart failure and ischemia

• Cosmetics: Anti-aging formulations for cell membrane protection

5. Conclusion

Coenzyme Q10 is an essential mitochondrial cofactor and potent lipophilic antioxidant. Efficacy depends on the form (ubiquinone vs. ubiquinol) and delivery methods. Combination with liposomal and nanodisperse systems is promising for improving bioavailability.