Bisacodyl | Stimulant Laxative | CAS 603-50-9 | API
Product Name: Bisacodyl
CAS No.: 603-50-9
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₁₉NO₄
Appearance: White or almost white crystalline powder
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform and acetone; sparingly soluble in ethanol
1. Introduction
Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative used for the short-term treatment of constipation and for bowel preparation for medical procedures such as colonoscopy or radiological examination. Its action is based on direct stimulation of nerve endings in the colonic mucosa, leading to enhanced peristalsis.
Constipation is a common problem affecting the quality of life of many people. Bisacodyl, belonging to the diphenylmethane derivative group, is one of the most well-known and widely used stimulant laxatives. It provides a predictable laxative effect and is effective for occasional constipation and bowel cleansing before diagnostic or surgical interventions.
2. Chemical Structure & Synthesis
Bisacodyl is a diphenylmethane derivative.
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₁₉NO₄
The synthesis of bisacodyl involves the reaction of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-(pyridyl-2)-methane with acetic anhydride, resulting in the formation of the diacetyl derivative.
3. Physicochemical Properties
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White or almost white crystalline powder |
| Solubility | Practically insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform and acetone; sparingly soluble in ethanol |
| Mechanism of Action | After oral or rectal administration, bisacodyl is hydrolyzed in the intestine to the active metabolite bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane (BHPM), which directly stimulates colonic nerve endings and inhibits water and electrolyte absorption |
| Onset of Action | Oral: 6–12 hours; Suppositories: 15–60 minutes |
| Pharmacokinetics | Minimal absorption after oral administration |
4. Applications
| Indication | Use |
|---|---|
| Occasional Constipation | Short-term relief of constipation symptoms |
| Bowel Preparation | Cleansing the colon before colonoscopy, radiological exams, or intestinal surgery |
| Constipation in Bedridden & Postoperative Patients | Used under medical supervision when stimulation of intestinal motility is required |
5. Conclusion
Bisacodyl is an effective and fast-acting stimulant laxative widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of constipation and bowel preparation for diagnostic procedures. It is important to note that it should be used for short-term treatment, as long-term use may lead to water-electrolyte imbalance and development of intestinal atony.
