Propylene carbonate (CAS 108-32-7) is a colorless liquid with the formula C₄H₆O₃, used as a highly polar solvent in cosmetics, electronics, and paints. It is characterized by low volatility, mixes with water and organic liquids, and is stable at moderate temperatures. It is widely used in chemical synthesis.
1. Definition and general description
Propylene carbonate (another name is cyclic propylene glycol carbonate) is a five-membered carbonyl ring formed by the reaction of propylene glycol with carbon dioxide.
CAS: 108-32-7
Molecular formula: C₄H₆O₃
Molecular weight: ~102.09 g/mol
Synonyms: 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one,
(RS)-4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
Cyclic propylene carbonate
Carbonic acid propylene ester
Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol carbonate
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Arconate 5000
Texacar PC
PC
2. Physicochemical properties
Appearance: Colorless, almost odorless, slightly viscous transparent liquid
Smell: Weak, sometimes described as “ether”
Density: ~1.20 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)
Boiling point: ~241 °C (at 1013 hPa)
Melting point: About -48 °C
Flash point: ~132 °C (in a closed crucible)
Solubility: Well soluble in water, alcohols, acetone; miscible with many organic solvents
Storage conditions: Recommended to store in a sealed container, at 5–30 °C, away from heaters
Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions, thermally stable up to ~240 °C
3. Use and application
Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals: A means for dissolving active substances, a plasticizer in formulas.
Electronics: A solvent for electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries.
Coatings and paints: Improves fluidity, reduces system volatility.
Chemical synthesis: Reagent and exchange solvent in organic reactions.
4. Potential impact and safety
Relatively low toxicity by inhalation and skin contact.
May cause mild irritation of mucous membranes at high concentrations.
Considered moderately safe from an environmental standpoint, quickly biodegrades.
5. Conclusion
Propylene carbonate is valued for its high solubility, thermal stability and low toxicity. Its wide range of applications and compatibility with various environments make it one of the key universal solvents in modern industry.