Ketoconazole CAS 65277-42-1

Ketoconazole – Broad-Spectrum Imidazole Antifungal Agent

Basic Information

• CAS Number: 65277-42-1

• Molecular Formula: C₂₆H₂₈Cl₂N₄O₄

• Molecular Weight: 531.43 g/mol

• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder

• Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents

• Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light

Overview
Ketoconazole is a synthetic imidazole antifungal agent discovered in 1977. It is effective against a wide range of pathogenic fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, dimorphic fungi, and certain bacteria (staphylococci and streptococci). It has been used both topically and systemically for the treatment of superficial and deep mycoses. However, it is not effective against Aspergillus and Zygomycetes species.

Mechanism of Action
Ketoconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes, by blocking the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). This leads to membrane disruption and fungal cell death. Additionally, it reduces androgen synthesis by inhibiting adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis.

Applications

• Dermatomycosis: Treatment of tinea infections (corporis, cruris, pedis).

• Onychomycosis: Fungal nail infections.

• Tinea capitis: Scalp ringworm.

• Vaginal mycosis: Candida infections.

• Systemic mycoses: Including histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis.

• Prophylaxis: Prevention of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.

• Androgen-related conditions: Used off-label in seborrheic dermatitis and androgenetic alopecia due to its anti-androgen effects.

Key Benefits

• Broad-spectrum antifungal activity.

• Effective for both superficial and systemic infections.

• Additional anti-androgen properties beneficial in certain dermatological conditions.

• Available in various formulations (tablets, creams, shampoos).

Handling and Storage

• Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture.

• Keep containers tightly sealed.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling.

• For research and pharmaceutical use only; not for direct human consumption without prescription.

Packaging
Available in various sizes (e.g., 1 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg drums). Custom packaging upon request.

Quality Assurance
Each batch is tested for purity (by HPLC), melting point, and heavy metal content to ensure compliance with pharmaceutical standards.