Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate (Emulsifier)

Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate – Non-Ionic O/W Emulsifier for Cosmetics, Personal Care, and Pharmaceuticals

Basic Information

• INCI Name: Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate

• CAS Number: 9004-96-0 (general for polyglyceryl oleates; specific grade may vary)

• Synonyms: Tetraglyceryl monooleate, Polyglycerol-4 oleate, PG-4 Oleate

• Appearance: Pale yellow to amber viscous liquid or waxy solid

• HLB Value: ~9–10 (oil-in-water emulsifier)

• Solubility: Dispersible in oils and organic solvents; slightly soluble in water

• Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture

Overview
Polyglyceryl-4 oleate is a non-ionic monoester produced by the esterification of polyglycerin-4 (tetraglycerin) with one molecule of oleic acid. This structure provides an optimal balance between the hydrophilic polyglycerin chain (four glycerol units) and the lipophilic oleate group, enabling excellent emulsifying, dispersing, and stabilizing properties. It is mild, biocompatible, and biodegradable, making it suitable for sensitive skin and natural cosmetic formulations.

Key Properties

• Non-ionic – compatible with a wide range of ingredients and pH levels.

• Amphiphilic – reduces interfacial tension, stabilizing O/W emulsions.

• Good skin compatibility and mildness – suitable for sensitive skin.

• Biocompatible and low toxicity – safe for topical applications.

• Biodegradable and derived from renewable plant-based sources.

• Provides smooth, elegant textures and enhances skin feel.

Applications

• Cosmetics and personal care: Used as a primary or co-emulsifier in O/W creams, lotions, serums, sunscreens, makeup removers, and hair care products. Provides stable, elegant textures with good spreadability and moisturizing properties.

• Pharmaceuticals: Employed as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and penetration enhancer in topical ointments, creams, and suppositories.

• Food industry: Used as a food emulsifier (E475) in margarines, spreads, sauces, dressings, and baked goods. Improves texture, stability, and mouthfeel.

• Industrial: Applied as a dispersant, lubricant, and anti-foaming agent in specialty chemical formulations.

Key Benefits

• Effective O/W emulsification with excellent stability.

• Mild and non-irritating – suitable for sensitive skin and baby products.

• Biocompatible, biodegradable, and of natural origin.

• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical ingredients.

• Provides stable, elegant textures with good spreadability.

• Acts as a co-emulsifier and viscosity modifier in complex formulations.

Recommended Use
Typical usage levels range from 1–5% of the formulation, depending on the desired emulsion stability, viscosity, and texture. For optimal performance, dissolve in the oil phase at elevated temperatures (60–70°C) before emulsification. Can be combined with co-emulsifiers and thickeners for tailored rheology.

Safety and Handling

• Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and cosmetics at recommended concentrations.

• Low irritation potential; well-tolerated by skin and mucous membranes.

• Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and acids.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling.

Quality Assurance
Each batch is tested for acid value, saponification value, and emulsification performance to ensure consistent quality.