Polyglyceryl-2 Laurate

Polyglyceryl-2 Laurate – Mild Non-Ionic Emulsifier for Stable Cosmetic and Personal Care Formulations

Basic Information

• INCI Name: Polyglyceryl-2 Laurate

• CAS Number: 33940-99-7 (common for polyglyceryl-2 laurate; specific grade may vary)

• Synonyms: Diglyceryl monolaurate, Polyglycerol-2 laurate, PG-2 Laurate

• Appearance: Pale yellow to amber viscous liquid or waxy solid

• HLB Value: ~8–10 (oil-in-water emulsifier)

• Solubility: Dispersible in water and oils; soluble in organic solvents

• Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture

Chemical Structure and Synthesis
Polyglyceryl-2 laurate is a non-ionic monoester produced by the esterification of polyglycerin-2 (diglycerin) with one molecule of lauric acid. The synthesis can be represented as:
PG₂ + Lauric Acid → Polyglyceryl-2 Laurate + H₂O
where PG₂ denotes polyglycerin-2. The retention of free hydroxyl groups ensures water solubility, while the lauryl chain provides lipophilicity, creating an optimal balance for effective emulsification.

Overview
Polyglyceryl-2 laurate is a versatile non-ionic emulsifier derived from renewable plant-based sources. Its amphiphilic structure effectively reduces interfacial tension between oil and water, forming stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with fine, uniform texture. This mild, biodegradable surfactant is widely used in cosmetic, personal care, and pharmaceutical formulations for its excellent emulsifying, dispersing, and conditioning properties.

Key Properties

• Non-ionic – compatible with a wide range of ingredients and pH levels.

• Amphiphilic – reduces interfacial tension, stabilizing O/W emulsions.

• Optimal HLB (8–10) – suitable for oil-in-water systems.

• Mild and non-irritating – suitable for sensitive skin and baby products.

• Excellent dispersing and stabilizing properties.

• Thermal and chemical stability – resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation.

• Biocompatible and low toxicity – safe for topical applications.

• Biodegradable and derived from renewable plant-based sources.

• Provides smooth, elegant textures with a pleasant skin feel.

Applications

• Cosmetics and personal care: Used as a primary or co-emulsifier in O/W creams, lotions, serums, sunscreens, makeup removers, and hair care products. Provides stable, elegant textures with good spreadability, moisturizing properties, and emollient benefits.

• Pharmaceuticals: Employed as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and excipient in topical ointments, creams, and suppositories.

• Food industry: Used as a food additive (E475) and emulsifier in margarines, spreads, sauces, dressings, and baked goods. Improves texture, stability, and mouthfeel.

• Industrial: Applied as a dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer in specialty chemical formulations.

Key Benefits

• Effective O/W emulsification with excellent stability.

• Mild and non-irritating – suitable for sensitive skin and baby products.

• Emollient properties – conditions and softens skin and hair.

• Excellent spreading and moisturization.

• Thermal and chemical stability – reliable performance over time.

• Biocompatible, biodegradable, and of natural origin.

• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical ingredients.

• Acts as a co-emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer in complex formulations.

Recommended Use
Typical usage levels range from 1–5% of the formulation, depending on the desired emulsion stability, viscosity, and texture. For optimal performance, dissolve in the oil phase at elevated temperatures (60–70°C) before emulsification. Can be combined with co-emulsifiers and thickeners for tailored rheology.

Safety and Handling

• Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and cosmetics at recommended concentrations.

• Low irritation potential; well-tolerated by skin and mucous membranes.

• Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and acids.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling.

Quality Assurance
Each batch is tested for acid value, saponification value, and emulsification performance to ensure consistent quality.