Phenoxyethanol (PE) CAS 122-99-6

Phenoxyethanol – Broad-Spectrum Preservative for Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals

Basic Information

• CAS Number: 122-99-6

• Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₀O₂

• Molecular Weight: 138.16 g/mol

• Synonyms: 2-Phenoxyethanol, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenyl cellosolve

• Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid

• Odor: Slightly aromatic, rose-like

• Density: ~1.10 g/cm³ (at 20°C)

• Boiling Point: 245°C

• Flash Point: 134°C

• Solubility: Soluble in water (2.7% w/w at 20°C), alcohols, and most organic solvents

• Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture

Overview
Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether widely used as a preservative in cosmetic, personal care, and pharmaceutical formulations. Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity makes it effective against bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. It is considered a safe and effective alternative to parabens, offering excellent compatibility with a wide range of ingredients while providing reliable preservation at low concentrations.

Mechanism of Action
Phenoxyethanol disrupts microbial cell membranes and inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi by affecting membrane permeability and enzyme activity. Its activity is enhanced when combined with other preservatives (e.g., caprylyl glycol, ethylhexylglycerin) for synergistic preservation systems.

Applications

• Cosmetics and personal care: Used as a preservative in creams, lotions, serums, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup products – typically at 0.5–1.0%.

• Pharmaceuticals: Used in topical formulations, ointments, and sterile solutions to prevent microbial contamination.

• Household products: Used in wet wipes, detergents, and other aqueous formulations.

• Other: Used as a fixative and solvent in perfumery.

Key Benefits

• Effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

• Safe and well-tolerated – approved by EU, FDA, and other regulatory bodies.

• Stable across a wide pH range (3–8).

• Compatible with most cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients.

• Synergistic with other preservatives, allowing reduced overall preservative load.

• Non-irritating and suitable for sensitive skin at recommended concentrations.

• Does not release formaldehyde or other harmful by-products.

Recommended Use
Typical usage levels range from 0.5–1.0% of the formulation. For optimal performance, incorporate into the water phase at room temperature or with mild heating. Can be combined with other preservatives (e.g., caprylyl glycol, ethylhexylglycerin) for enhanced antimicrobial protection.

Safety and Handling

• Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals at recommended concentrations.

• Low irritation potential; well-tolerated by skin.

• Avoid contact with strong oxidizers.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling.

• Shelf life: typically 24–36 months under recommended storage conditions.

Quality Assurance
Each batch is tested for purity, moisture content, and antimicrobial efficacy to ensure consistent quality and compliance with cosmetic and pharmaceutical standards.