Glyceryl Dioleate (GDO) CAS 25637-84-7

Glyceryl Dioleate – Lipophilic Non-Ionic Emulsifier for Stable Emulsions and Skin Conditioning

Basic Information

• CAS Number: 25637-84-7

• Molecular Formula: C₃₉H₇₂O₅

• Molecular Weight: 621.0 g/mol

• Synonyms: Glyceryl dioleate, GDO, Dioleoylglycerol

• Appearance: Pale yellow to amber viscous liquid or waxy solid

• HLB Value: ~3.5 (lipophilic, suitable for W/O and O/W emulsions)

• Solubility: Dispersible in oils and organic solvents; slightly soluble in water

• Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture

Overview
Glyceryl dioleate (GDO) is a non-ionic diester produced by the esterification of glycerol with two molecules of oleic acid, leaving one hydroxyl group free. This structure provides a balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic profile with enhanced lipophilic character, making it an effective emulsifier, stabilizer, and skin-conditioning agent. It is widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and personal care formulations to improve texture, stability, and the uniform distribution of active ingredients.

Key Properties

• Non-ionic – compatible with a wide range of ingredients and pH levels.

• Amphiphilic – reduces interfacial tension, stabilizing both O/W and W/O emulsions.

• Enhanced lipophilicity – ideal for oil-rich and emollient formulations.

• Good skin compatibility and mildness – suitable for sensitive skin.

• Biocompatible and low toxicity – safe for topical applications.

• Biodegradable and derived from renewable plant-based sources (glycerol and oleic acid).

Applications

• Cosmetics and personal care: Used as a primary or co-emulsifier in creams, lotions, serums, sunscreens, makeup removers, and hair care products. Provides smooth, velvety textures, improves spreadability, and enhances moisturization.

• Pharmaceuticals: Employed as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and penetration enhancer in topical ointments, creams, suppositories, and transdermal drug delivery systems.

• Food industry: Used as a food additive (E471) in margarines, spreads, sauces, and dressings to improve texture and stability.

• Industrial: Applied as a lubricant, dispersant, and anti-foaming agent in specialty formulations.

Key Benefits

• Effective emulsification for both O/W and W/O systems.

• Enhances skin conditioning and leaves a smooth, non-greasy feel.

• Stabilizes emulsions and improves product shelf life.

• Mild and non-irritating – suitable for sensitive skin and baby products.

• Biocompatible, biodegradable, and of natural origin.

• Compatible with a wide range of oils, waxes, and active ingredients.

• Acts as a co-emulsifier and viscosity modifier in complex formulations.

Recommended Use
Typical usage levels range from 1–5% of the formulation, depending on the desired emulsion stability, viscosity, and skin feel. For optimal performance, dissolve in the oil phase at elevated temperatures (60–70°C) before emulsification. Can be combined with other emulsifiers and thickeners for tailored rheology.

Safety and Handling

• Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and cosmetics at recommended concentrations.

• Low irritation potential; well-tolerated by skin and mucous membranes.

• Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and acids.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling.

Quality Assurance
Each batch is tested for acid value, saponification value, and emulsification performance to ensure consistent quality.