Dipolyricinoleate (Emulsifier)

Dipolyricinoleate – Lipophilic Non-Ionic Emulsifier for Stable Emulsions, Lubrication, and Film Formation

Basic Information

• INCI Name: Propanediol Dipolyricinoleate (common variant; other diol variants exist)

• CAS Number: Varies by specific diol (e.g., propanediol dipolyricinoleate)

• Synonyms: Diester of a diol and polyricinoleic acid, Diol dipolyricinoleate

• Appearance: Pale yellow to amber viscous liquid or waxy solid

• HLB Value: Low (lipophilic, suitable for W/O emulsions)

• Solubility: Soluble in oils and organic solvents; dispersible in water

• Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture

Chemical Structure and Synthesis
Dipolyricinoleate is produced by the complete esterification of a diol (e.g., propanediol, ethylene glycol) with two molecules of ricinoleic acid – or more commonly, with a polymer of ricinoleic acid (polyricinoleic acid). The synthesis can be represented as:
Diol + 2 Ricinoleic Acid (or Polyricinoleic Acid) → Dipolyricinoleate + 2 H₂O
The formation of two ester bonds provides structural stability and enhances the lipophilicity of the product, while the central diol fragment retains a residual hydrophilic character, creating a unique amphiphilic balance.

Physicochemical Properties

• Amphiphilic: The combination of two long ricinoleate (or polyricinoleate) chains with a central diol fragment provides pronounced ability to interact with both water and oil phases.

• Emulsifying properties: Effectively reduces interfacial tension, promoting the formation and stability of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions.

• Lubricating properties: High lipophilicity makes it suitable as a lubricating and film-forming agent.

• Oxidation stability: Ester bonds provide sufficient chemical stability under various temperature conditions.

• Non-ionic: Compatible with a wide range of ingredients and pH levels.

• Biodegradable and derived from renewable plant-based sources (castor oil).

Applications

• Cosmetics and personal care: Used as a primary or co-emulsifier, emollient, and film-forming agent in W/O creams, lotions, serums, sunscreens, makeup removers, lip cosmetics, and hair care products. Provides stable, elegant textures, good spreadability, moisturizing properties, and a pleasant skin feel. Its adhesive and binding properties help pigments grip to skin or hair for long-lasting color.

• Pharmaceuticals: Employed as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and penetration enhancer in topical ointments, creams, and suppositories to improve the delivery of active ingredients.

• Industrial: Applied as a lubricant, plasticizer, and viscosity controller in specialty chemical formulations and polymer synthesis.

Key Benefits

• Effective W/O emulsification with excellent stability.

• Mild and non-irritating – suitable for sensitive skin.

• Emollient properties – conditions and softens skin.

• Film-forming and adhesive properties – enhances product longevity and pigment adhesion.

• Thermal and chemical stability – reliable performance over time.

• Biocompatible, biodegradable, and of natural origin.

• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial ingredients.

• Acts as a co-emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer in complex formulations.

Recommended Use
Typical usage levels range from 1–5% of the formulation, depending on the desired emulsion stability, viscosity, and texture. For optimal performance, dissolve in the oil phase at elevated temperatures (60–70°C) before emulsification. Can be combined with co-emulsifiers and thickeners for tailored rheology.

Safety and Handling

• Generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetics and personal care at recommended concentrations.

• Low irritation potential; well-tolerated by skin.

• Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and acids.

• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling.

Quality Assurance
Each batch is tested for acid value, saponification value, and emulsification performance to ensure consistent quality.