Sclerotium Gum – Natural Cosmetic Thickener
Sclerotium Gum – Natural Polysaccharide Thickener and Stabilizer for Cosmetics
1. Introduction
Sclerotium gum is a natural polysaccharide produced by the fermentation of the filamentous fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. In the cosmetics industry, it is valued as an effective thickener, gelling agent, and stabilizer, providing a pleasant texture and smooth sensory feel to formulations. Similar to xanthan gum, sclerotium gum is used in a wide range of personal care products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, gels, and sunscreens. Its biocompatibility, low irritation potential, and stability across a broad pH range make it particularly suitable for sensitive skin and natural cosmetic formulations.
2. Chemical Nature and Production
Sclerotium gum is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide belonging to the β-glucan family. Its structure consists of repeating glucose units, forming a branched or helical configuration that imparts significant viscosity even at low concentrations. The gum is produced through aerobic fermentation of sugars using non-GMO strains of Sclerotium rolfsii with 100% plant-based ingredients, ensuring a sustainable and environmentally responsible origin. After fermentation, the biomass is separated, purified by precipitation or ultrafiltration, and dried to obtain a powder or granules that are readily dispersible in water.
3. Physicochemical and Functional Properties
Sclerotium gum is cold-soluble and readily disperses in water at temperatures of 20–60°C, forming stable gels with high viscosity. Even at low concentrations (0.1–0.5%), it provides significant thickening and suspending effects. The gum is stable across a wide pH range (3–12) and is compatible with electrolytes, making it suitable for formulations with high salt content, such as anti‑dandruff shampoos. It is also readily biodegradable, meeting OECD 301B standards. Sclerotium gum enhances the sensory properties of products, imparting a smooth, silky, and non‑tacky skin feel, while providing good moisturizing benefits.
4. Applications
Skin care: Used in creams, lotions, serums, and moisturizers to thicken, stabilize, and improve spreadability. Provides a smooth, velvety texture and enhances hydration.
Hair care: Added to shampoos, conditioners, and styling gels to stabilize formulations, improve viscosity, and deliver conditioning benefits.
Cleansing products: Used in facial cleansers, shower gels, and body washes to enhance foam stability and skin feel.
Sensitive skin and natural cosmetics: Its low irritation potential and biocompatibility make it suitable for baby care, dermatological formulations, and "green" cosmetic products.
Sunscreens: Stabilizes emulsions and improves the even distribution of UV filters.
5. Safety and Toxicology
Sclerotium gum is considered safe for use in cosmetics. Studies have demonstrated no significant toxicity, skin irritation, or sensitization at recommended concentrations. It is non‑toxic, non‑irritating, and well‑tolerated by skin and eyes. As a natural biopolymer, it is readily biodegradable, reducing environmental risks associated with its production and use. Sclerotium gum is approved for use in cosmetics without special restrictions in most regions, though compliance with local purity and safety standards should be confirmed.
6. Regulatory and Identification Notes
The INCI name for this ingredient is Sclerotium Gum. The CAS number is 39464-87-4. This CAS number is correctly associated with sclerotium gum (also known as scleroglucan) and is not erroneously assigned to another compound as suggested in some sources. The EC number is 254-464-6.
7. Conclusion
Sclerotium gum is a versatile, natural polysaccharide thickener and stabilizer produced by fermentation of Sclerotium rolfsii. Its excellent rheological properties, compatibility with a wide range of ingredients, low irritation potential, and biodegradability make it a valuable ingredient in modern cosmetic formulations, particularly for sensitive skin, natural products, and challenging electrolyte‑containing systems. As demand for sustainable and biocompatible ingredients continues to grow, sclerotium gum is expected to find increasing application in personal care, and potentially in food and pharmaceutical products.