Potassium Hydroxide (Molten) - CAS 1310-58-3

Molten Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3): Properties and Applications

1. Definition and General Description

Molten potassium hydroxide, also known as caustic potash, is potassium hydroxide (KOH) in a molten state. Due to its strong alkaline and corrosive properties, it is widely used in the chemical industry.

CAS: 1310-58-3

Synonyms: Potassium hydroxide (molten), caustic potash

2. Chemical Formula and Characteristics

Chemical formula: KOH

Appearance: In solid state – white granules or flakes; when molten – transparent, viscous liquid

Odor: Odorless or faintly perceptible (alkaline taste from vapors)

Density: ~2.04 g/cm³ (for solid KOH at 20°C); in molten state depends on temperature

Melting point: Approximately 360°C

Boiling point: ~1320°C (for solid KOH)

Flash point: Not applicable for inorganic salts, however, the substance may react vigorously with combustible materials

Solubility: Readily soluble in water with a strong exothermic effect; soluble in ethanol and glycerin; insoluble in non-polar solvents

Decomposition: Upon heating to high temperatures, evolution of K₂O vapors is possible

Storage conditions: Airtight containers, protection from moisture, to prevent corrosion and caking

Stability: Upon contact with CO₂ from air, gradually forms carbonates; requires protection from air

3. Use and Applications

Chemical industry: Involved in the production of potassium soaps, detergents, liquid lubricants.

Saponification reactions: Indispensable for hydrolysis of fats, oils, and esters.

Analytical chemistry: Titrant in acid-base titrations, standard solution.

Electrolytes: Used in alkaline batteries (e.g., Ni-Cd and Ni-MH).

4. Potential Impact and Safety

Skin and eye burns: Contact with skin or mucous membranes causes severe irritation.

Inhalation: KOH vapors and aerosols are highly aggressive to the respiratory tract.

Environment: When released into aquatic ecosystems, sharply increases pH, negatively affecting biota.

5. Conclusion

Molten potassium hydroxide (KOH, CAS 1310-58-3) is a powerful reagent with a wide range of applications. Its high corrosive activity and hygroscopicity require strict adherence to safety protocols and airtight storage.