Phenol - Key Aromatic Compound for Resins and Pharmaceuticals

Phenol (CAS 108-95-2): Overview

1. Chemical Nature and Classification

Phenol is an aromatic compound with one hydroxyl group directly bonded to the benzene ring. This gives it acidic properties (though weak) and the ability to form phenolate anions.

2. Properties

Formula: C₆H₅OH

Boiling point: ~181°C

Flash point: ~79°C

Solubility: Limited solubility in cold water (about 8 g/100 ml at 20°C), but readily soluble in organic solvents.

3. Main Areas of Use

Synthesis of rubbers and plastics: Phenol is the starting unit for phenol-formaldehyde and polyurethane systems.

Pharmaceuticals: Historically used as an antiseptic; currently used as a raw material for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

Dyes and pesticides: The aromatic ring of phenol serves as a base for complex color and protective compounds.

4. Hazards When Handling

Acute poisoning: Possible through inhalation of vapors or skin contact.

Chronic exposure: May lead to damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.

Fire hazard: Phenol vapors can ignite with sufficient heat and an ignition source.

5. Storage Conditions

It is important to keep phenol at controlled temperatures, prevent evaporation and leaks. Containers must be airtight, and the material must be corrosion-resistant. When crystallized, heating is required for further use.

6. Conclusion

Phenol (CAS 108-95-2) is a unique reagent that laid the foundations of synthetic chemistry. Its high toxicity is compensated by its broad potential in the production of plastics, dyes, and other goods. Compliance with safety regulations is key to the effective and safe use of this substance.