Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene) - CAS 78-79-5
Isoprene (CAS 78-79-5): Overview
1. Definition and General Description
Isoprene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the diene class with the chemical formula C₅H₈. It is a monosubstituted butadiene, widely found in nature (for example, emitted by some trees), and in industry serves as a monomer for polymerization.
2. Key Characteristics
CAS: 78-79-5
Molecular formula: C₅H₈
Chemical structure: CH₂=C(CH₃)–CH=CH₂
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Odor: Characteristic hydrocarbon odor, slightly reminiscent of gasoline
Density: ~0.68 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Boiling point: ~34°C
Melting point: Approximately –147°C
Flash point: ~ –50°C (very low, fire hazard)
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water; readily soluble in organic solvents (ethers, benzene)
Decomposition: Upon heating above 200°C with release of degradation vapors
Storage conditions: In tightly sealed containers, away from ignition sources and heat, in a cool and well-ventilated area
Stability: Prone to oxidation and polymerization in air
3. Use and Applications
Synthetic rubber: Primary monomer for producing polyisoprene, which has elastic properties similar to natural latex.
Organic synthesis: Intermediate for the production of resins and various diene copolymers.
Biological research: Model volatile organic compound for studying metabolic processes in trees.
4. Impact on Human Health and the Environment
Toxicity: In high concentrations, isoprene vapors cause respiratory tract irritation; regular inhalation has negative health effects.
Flammability: Due to its very low flash point, strict fire safety measures are required.
Ecology: Rapidly evaporates and may participate in photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.
5. Conclusion
Isoprene (CAS 78-79-5) is an important industrial product, indispensable in the production of synthetic elastomers. Due to its high reactivity and volatility, it requires strict storage and handling conditions. Its study is relevant both in industrial and environmental contexts.