Dodecylguanidine Acetate (DGA) - CAS 2439-10-3
Dodecylguanidine Acetate (DGA) CAS 2439-10-3: Overview
1. Introduction
Dodecylguanidine Acetate (DGA), also known in industrial practice as Dodine, is a cationic organic compound belonging to the guanidine group. Its international registry identifier is CAS 2439-10-3. Due to its pronounced fungicidal and antiseptic properties, the substance is widely used in agriculture and a number of other industries.
2. Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular structure: The DGA molecule contains a long (Cāā) hydrocarbon chain linked to a guanidine group and an acetate anion. The cationic part (dodecylguanidinium) provides high surface-active and biocidal activity.
Physicochemical characteristics: Readily soluble in organic solvents; limited solubility in water, though it can form colloidal solutions through ion-pair formation. Relatively high melting point (depending on purity) and a characteristic faint odor.
Chemical stability: Stable in neutral media, but sensitive to strong oxidizers and extreme pH values. May undergo hydrolysis, losing activity under harsh storage conditions (high temperature, elevated humidity).
3. Mechanism of Action as an Antimicrobial and Fungicidal Agent
Membrane disruption: The cationic part of the molecule interacts with phospholipids of bacterial and fungal cell membranes, causing their destruction and leakage of cellular contents.
Inhibition of metabolic processes: The guanidine fragment can bind to functional groups of enzymes, leading to disruption of protein synthesis and other metabolic failures in pathogens.
Selectivity: At adequate concentrations, DGA primarily affects phytopathogenic fungi without causing significant damage to higher plants (cultivated species).
4. Applications in Various Industries
Agriculture: The main use of DGA is the protection of fruit trees (apple, pear) and other crops from fungal diseases (scab, powdery mildew, etc.). Used as a component of complex fungicidal preparations.
Antiseptic agents: Due to its antimicrobial action, it may be included in disinfectant solutions, wet wipes, and surface treatment products.
Textiles and leather: Sometimes used as a biocidal additive in fabric treatment to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria.
Scientific research: Of interest as a potential basis for the synthesis of new cationic bioactive molecules.
5. Safety and Environmental Aspects
Effects on humans: Improper use or systematic contact at high concentrations may cause irritation to the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. Use of gloves, goggles, and respirators is recommended when working under conditions of high dust or aerosol exposure.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic fauna and flora when large volumes of unreacted substance enter water bodies. Soil accumulation is possible, but activity decreases through biodegradation and adsorption onto soil particles.
Regulatory standards: Different countries have established maximum residue limits for DGA in food products and feed (when used as a fungicide). Subject to registration and control under relevant phytosanitary and chemical regulations.
6. Conclusion
Dodecylguanidine Acetate (Dodine) is a versatile plant protection agent and antiseptic with a notable cooperative structure (cationic Cāā chain, guanidine, and acetate). Properly selected concentration and application conditions allow effective control of phytopathogenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria. However, undesirable effects are possible with overdose or violation of usage rules, necessitating strict compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.